Aiken, SC, February 2, 2026

A dedicated riverkeeper’s investigation reveals the environmental impact of the carpet industry’s use of forever chemicals, prompting discussions on the balance between economic growth and community health in South Carolina. The Congaree Riverkeeper’s findings highlight ongoing contamination issues and the call for responsible practices among manufacturers as regulatory measures come into effect.

Aiken, SC

South Carolina’s Rivers: Uncovering Industry’s Chemical Legacy

A dedicated riverkeeper’s persistent investigation is shedding light on the lasting environmental impact of the carpet industry’s use of “forever chemicals” across South Carolina, prompting vital discussions about responsible manufacturing and community health statewide.

For generations, South Carolina has been a hub of industrious activity, fostering a robust economy built on the ingenuity and hard work of its citizens. Our state’s entrepreneurial spirit has long driven job creation and prosperity. However, progress sometimes comes with unforeseen challenges, and the careful stewardship of our natural resources, a cornerstone of our community’s well-being and long-term economic vitality, remains paramount. Recent developments regarding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), often called “forever chemicals,” in our waterways underscore the importance of balancing industrial growth with environmental responsibility and highlight the critical role of vigilant oversight in protecting our shared future.

The saga of PFAS contamination reveals a complex narrative involving past industrial practices, evolving scientific understanding, and ongoing efforts to safeguard public health and the environment. As our communities, including Aiken, continue to grow and attract new businesses, understanding such challenges is crucial. It allows us to champion innovative solutions and advocate for policies that foster economic development while ensuring the pristine condition of our state’s natural beauty and the health of its residents.

The Persistent Challenge of Forever Chemicals

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, are a class of man-made chemicals characterized by their exceptional resistance to heat, oil, stains, and water. This durability, while beneficial in numerous consumer and industrial applications, also makes them highly persistent in the environment and in biological systems, earning them the moniker “forever chemicals.” Historically, these compounds found extensive use in various products, including stain-resistant carpets, non-stick cookware, and waterproof clothing.

Scientific research has increasingly linked exposure to certain PFAS compounds to a range of potential health concerns. These include certain cancers, thyroid issues, elevated cholesterol levels, and a compromised immune system. The widespread presence of these chemicals in the environment, detected in water, soil, and even the bloodstreams of people and animals Nationwide, underscores the broad scope of this challenge.

A Riverkeeper’s Dedication to Discovery

In South Carolina, environmental advocates have been at the forefront of investigating PFAS contamination. The Congaree Riverkeeper organization, based in Columbia, SC, has undertaken significant sampling efforts, particularly along the Lower Saluda River. Since 2022, their detective work has revealed the presence of numerous PFAS compounds in river samples, with between seven and thirteen distinct compounds identified in the Lower Saluda. This diligent monitoring is crucial for identifying pollution sources and understanding the extent of environmental impact across the State.

These investigations suggest that manufacturing wastewater has played a role in spreading these chemicals into rivers and, subsequently, into drinking water sources. The Congaree Riverkeeper’s findings are part of a broader, multi-state examination into the toxic legacy of the South’s carpet industry, an economic engine that sustained communities but also led to environmental challenges.

Industry Practices and Environmental Concerns

The carpet industry, centered primarily in northwest Georgia, began treating carpets with PFAS in the 1970s to enhance stain resistance. While major carpet companies assert they have complied with all regulations and have ceased using PFAS, with some pledging to phase out all PFAS use by 2025, the long-lasting nature of these chemicals means their environmental footprint continues. Some leading manufacturers, including Shaw Industries, Interface, Mohawk, and Tarkett, have indeed moved towards phasing out all PFAS, and major retailers like Home Depot and Lowe’s stopped selling PFAS-treated carpets and rugs by January 2020.

However, a Shaw Industries facility in Irmo, South Carolina, which produces fiber and nylon pellet chips for carpets, has faced allegations of discharging hazardous chemicals, including PFAS, into the Lower Saluda River and Kinley Creek. The Lower Saluda River is not only a State Scenic River but also a vital drinking water source for nearby communities like West Columbia and Cayce. In response to these concerns, the Congaree Riverkeeper, in collaboration with the Southern Environmental Law Center, issued a notice in March 2024 of their intent to sue Shaw Industries, citing alleged violations of federal environmental protection laws.

Evolving Regulations and Economic Realities

Addressing PFAS contamination necessitates a multi-faceted approach, encompassing both regulatory action and private sector innovation. At the State level, South Carolina’s Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC) has taken significant steps to enhance transparency. As of December 2023, DHEC requires industrial facilities and wastewater treatment plants to disclose the presence of PFAS in their discharges and sludge when applying for permits. This increased transparency is a crucial step towards identifying sources of pollution and enabling more effective remediation efforts.

Nationwide, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized a rule in April 2024, establishing maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for five individual PFAS compounds in drinking water. This landmark regulation also includes a Hazard Index formula for mixtures of four other PFAS compounds. While environmental advocates commend these new standards as a critical step for public health, they also present significant financial considerations for local utilities.

Compliance with the new federal PFAS regulations is expected to incur substantial costs for drinking water systems across South Carolina and the nation. Over 50 South Carolina utilities, according to DHEC data from last year, reported PFAS levels exceeding the new federal limits for PFOA and PFOS. For instance, officials in Columbia estimate that upgrading their drinking water treatment plants to meet these new standards could cost up to $200 million initially, with an additional $20 million annually for ongoing maintenance. Charleston anticipates initial costs of $130 million and annual expenses between $12 million and $24 million. Nationally, the American Water Works Association projects that achieving compliance could cost utilities $50 billion initially, followed by approximately $3.8 billion annually, significantly higher than the EPA’s estimate of $1.5 billion annually. These figures highlight the economic impact of environmental regulations and the need for thoughtful approaches that support both public health and sustainable economic development.

Community Insights and Looking Forward

The ongoing efforts by organizations like the Congaree Riverkeeper exemplify the power of community-driven initiatives in addressing complex environmental issues. Their dedication to scientific investigation and advocacy provides essential data for informing policy and encouraging responsible corporate citizenship. As Aiken continues to prioritize its local economy and community well-being, these State-level discussions on environmental stewardship hold valuable lessons.

Protecting our natural resources is not only an ecological imperative but also an economic one. A clean environment supports tourism, recreational activities, and public health, all of which contribute to a thriving economy and a high quality of life. The challenges posed by PFAS contamination underscore the importance of fostering a business environment that encourages innovation in sustainable practices and transparent operations. It is through balanced approaches, where limited regulation guides industries toward responsible practices without stifling growth, that we can achieve lasting prosperity for all South Carolinians. Staying informed and engaged in these discussions is vital for Aiken residents to support local businesses that are committed to both economic success and environmental integrity, ensuring a vibrant future for our city and the broader Midlands economic growth. We encourage all residents to understand these issues and support efforts toward a healthier environment and a stronger Aiken SC business community.

Frequently Asked Questions About PFAS and South Carolina’s Rivers

What are PFAS?

PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are a group of man-made chemicals known as “forever chemicals” because they resist breaking down in the environment and in the human body.

How were PFAS used by the carpet industry?

The carpet industry began using PFAS in the 1970s to make carpets stain-resistant.

What health concerns are associated with PFAS exposure?

Exposure to PFAS is linked to health issues such as certain cancers, thyroid problems, high cholesterol, and a compromised immune system.

Which South Carolina river has been a focus of PFAS investigation?

The Saluda River, particularly the Lower Saluda, has been a focus of PFAS investigation by the Congaree Riverkeeper.

What actions is South Carolina taking regarding PFAS?

South Carolina’s Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC) now requires industrial facilities and wastewater treatment plants to disclose PFAS in their discharges and sludge when applying for permits. Additionally, more than 50 South Carolina utilities reported PFAS levels exceeding new federal limits.

What are the economic implications of new PFAS regulations?

Compliance with new federal PFAS regulations is expected to incur substantial costs for drinking water systems. For example, Columbia estimates up to $200 million initially and $20 million annually for maintenance, while Charleston anticipates $130 million initially and $12-24 million annually.

Key Aspects of the PFAS Legacy in South Carolina

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Author: STAFF HERE AIKEN

The AIKEN STAFF WRITER represents the experienced team at HEREAiken.com, your go-to source for actionable local news and information in Aiken, Aiken County, and beyond. Specializing in "news you can use," we cover essential topics like product reviews for personal and business needs, local business directories, politics, real estate trends, neighborhood insights, and state news affecting the area—with deep expertise drawn from years of dedicated reporting and strong community input, including local press releases and business updates. We deliver top reporting on high-value events such as the Aiken Horse Show, Aiken Bluegrass Festival, and polo matches at Whitney Field. Our coverage extends to key organizations like the Aiken Chamber of Commerce and the Aiken County Historical Museum, plus leading businesses in manufacturing and tourism that power the local economy such as Bridgestone and the Aiken County Visitors Center. As part of the broader HERE network, including HEREAiken.com, HEREBeaufort.com, HEREChapin.com, HERECharleston.com, HEREClinton.com, HEREColumbia.com, HEREGeorgetown.com, HEREGreenwood.com, HEREGreenville.com, HEREHiltonHead.com, HEREIrmo.com, HEREMyrtleBeach.com, HERENewberry.com, HERERockHill.com, and HERESpartanburg.com, we provide comprehensive, credible insights into South Carolina's dynamic landscape.